In SAP, a Programmer Key is a security mechanism used to protect critical ABAP development objects such as function modules, classes, or programs from unauthorized modifications. When an ABAP object is assigned a Programmer Key, it can only be modified by users who possess the corresponding key. This helps enforce the principle of least privilege and ensures that only authorized developers or administrators can make changes to sensitive objects within the SAP system. Programmer Keys are managed and assigned by SAP Basis administrators or security personnel, who determine which users or roles require access to specific development objects based on their job responsibilities and permissions.